ADHD: Diagnosis and how to move forward
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a developmental disorder that often presents unique challenges during adolescence. This period of life is marked by significant changes, both physically and emotionally, which can amplify the symptoms of ADHD. Understanding these changes and how they affect teenagers with ADHD is crucial for providing effective support.
In last night’s session, we were joined by Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist, Dr Alex Doig, to talk about what ADHD looks like in teenagers, common symptoms and the diagnostic process.
ADHD in Adolescence
Alex explained how ADHD is typically a lifelong condition, manifesting differently as individuals grow. In adolescents, ADHD symptoms can include difficulties with concentration, hyperactivity, impulse control, and emotional regulation. These symptoms can vary widely among individuals, with some experiencing more pronounced hyperactivity and others struggling primarily with inattention.
Key Characteristics
Concentration Difficulties: Adolescents with ADHD often struggle to regulate their concentration. While they can focus intensely on tasks that interest them, they may find it challenging to engage with less stimulating activities.
Hyperactivity: Although hyperactivity tends to decrease with age, many adolescents still exhibit restlessness and a need for movement.
Impulse Control: Impulsivity can lead to challenges in social settings and academic environments, as young people may act without considering the consequences.
Emotional Regulation: Emotional responses can be intense and change rapidly, making it difficult for teenagers to manage their feelings effectively.
Executive Dysfunction: Planning, organising, and completing tasks can be particularly challenging, often leading to forgetfulness and disorganisation.
Changes During Adolescence
As adolescents mature, their ability to concentrate generally improves, although it may remain below that of their peers without ADHD. Hyperactivity often diminishes, but organisational challenges and emotional regulation can become more pronounced. The maturation of the brain during this period plays a significant role in these changes.
Supporting Teens with ADHD
Alex shared some practical strategies for parents, carers and educators supporting teens with ADHD:
At Home
Routine and Structure: Establishing a consistent routine can help adolescents manage their symptoms more effectively.
Positive Reinforcement: Focusing on strengths and achievements can boost self-esteem and motivation.
Open Communication: Encourage an open dialogue about challenges and successes.
In School
Information Sharing: Sharing a diagnosis with educators can enable them to provide appropriate support and accommodations.
Classroom Strategies: Techniques such as seating arrangements, movement breaks, and varied teaching methods can help maintain attention and engagement.
The Role of Diagnosis and Treatment
A formal diagnosis is important for accessing appropriate support and resources. It involves a comprehensive assessment that includes feedback from schools and parents. Early diagnosis can help in implementing effective strategies to manage ADHD symptoms. Formal diagnosis can be carried out within CAMHS but can take considerable time. Private ADHD assessments are available for those that can pay, but it is important that you ensure that private healthcare professionals follow NICE guidelines for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management.
Alex talked about the medication available, explaining that it can be a valuable tool for managing symptoms, particularly when tailored to the individual's needs. However, it is important to balance the benefits with potential side effects and to consider medication as part of a broader strategy that includes behavioural and educational interventions too.
Teens with ADHD face unique challenges, but, with the right support and understanding, they can thrive. Understanding the nature of ADHD and its impact during adolescence can help parents and schools to tailor the right support. By focusing on strengths, maintaining open communication, and providing structured routines, caregivers and educators can help teenagers manage this important phase of development.