Understanding and Supporting Teenagers with OCD
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterised by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) that individuals feel compelled to perform. These compulsions are often carried out to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsessions, but the relief is typically temporary, which causes a cycle of distress.
This week, we were joined by Dr Zoe Kindynis, Clinical Psychologist at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Laurenne Goldstone, Parent Peer Support Worker, to talk about the signs and symptoms of OCD in young people and practical ways to support teens living with the condition.
OCD and Teenage Brain Development
During adolescence, the brain undergoes significant development, which can make managing OCD particularly challenging. Teenagers are often faced with increased responsibilities, academic and social pressures, which can exacerbate OCD symptoms. The onset of OCD often occurs in late childhood or late adolescence, coinciding with hormone changes and the stress of identity formation.
Signs of OCD in Teenagers
Recognising OCD in teenagers can be challenging, as symptoms may vary widely. However, common signs include:
Obsessions: Intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images that cause significant anxiety or distress. These can include fears of contamination, harm, or sexual, taboo thoughts.
Compulsions: Repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed in response to obsessions. These might involve excessive cleaning, checking, counting, or seeking reassurance.
Avoidance: Steering clear of situations or objects that trigger obsessions.
Distress and Interference: Symptoms that consume significant time and interfere with daily activities, school performance, or social interactions.
Co-occurrence with Other Conditions
OCD frequently co-occurs with other mental health conditions and neurodiversities, such as autism and ADHD. While these conditions can complicate treatment, OCD remains treatable. It is crucial to differentiate between OCD-related compulsions and behaviours associated with other conditions, such as the soothing rituals seen in autism.
Effective Treatment Approaches
The primary treatment for OCD involves Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), especially when combined with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), which focuses on confronting fears and refraining from compulsive behaviours in a controlled, gradual manner. This approach helps individuals learn that anxiety can decrease without performing compulsions. Treatment should be tailored to the individual's needs, and in some cases, medication may be used to reduce anxiety levels, making therapy more accessible.
The Role of Parents and Schools
Parents play a really important role in supporting their children through treatment. It is important to maintain a positive outlook, break tasks into manageable steps, and avoid enabling OCD behaviours. Schools can also support students by understanding OCD and making necessary accommodations to help teens continue their education.
Social and Educational Impact
OCD can significantly impact a teenager's social life and education. Try to balance encouraging social interactions with recognising when a child is too distressed to participate. Education can be adapted to the child's pace, ensuring they do not fall behind while focusing on their mental health.
Hope and Recovery
With the right treatment, OCD is highly treatable, and individuals can lead fulfilling lives. Recovery is a gradual process that requires patience, trust and small steps. It is important to remember that setbacks are part of the journey and, with continued support, teenagers can overcome OCD and achieve their goals.
For those seeking help, it is crucial to consult healthcare professionals and not delay in getting the necessary support.